Marine Phytoplankton

MMarine Phytoplanktonarine Phytoplankton are single-cell plants of the oceans. Since they are single-celled, they can remain floating on the water. They have chlorophyll and thus can produce proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, but they need organic nutrients. Many sea creatures survive on them, like jellyfish, shrimps and krill. In addition, larger fish and mammals like blue whales feed on plankton-eating krill. Therefore, Marine Phytoplankton forms an essential part of marine life.1 However, Phytoplankton can also grow in freshwater lakes.2

Marine Phytoplankton is used to feed and cultivate various seafaring creatures, as they are rich in numerous nutrients and are relatively cheap to produce.3 In recent years there has been increasing interest in their health benefits for human health. However, it is worth knowing that they have a cell wall that is indigestible by humans. Therefore, food supplements are created after processing the Phytoplankton and removing their cell wall.

Health Benefits of Marine Phytoplankton

Below are some of the well-known benefits of Marine Phytoplankton:

  • Excellent Source of Omega-3 Fatty Acids

    The human diet is rich in omega-6 fatty acids but deficient in omega-3 fatty acids. Low intake of omega-3 fatty acids is one of the factors behind the sudden rise of metabolic disorders like diabetes, dementia and obesity. It is well known that fish oil and krill oil are rich in omega-3s. However, most of these omega-3s are produced by Marine Phytoplankton, which are then consumed by fish, krill and other sea creatures. Therefore, Phytoplankton supplements may boost heart and brain health. Moreover, Phytoplankton is good for consumption by vegans.4

  • Antioxidant and Anticancer Properties

    Marine Phytoplankton is an excellent source of carotenoids and phenolic compounds and so, they may help counter oxidative stress and prevent chronic ailments. Furthermore, these carotenoids demonstrate antiproliferative properties, therefore helping to prevent cancers.5

  • Improve Exercise Performance

    Antioxidant-rich Phytoplankton supplements are frequently used by athletes. Studies show that they may help reduce fatigue and muscle damage caused by extensive training. Therefore, Marine Phytoplankton may boost exercise capacity.6

  • Rich in Healthy Carotenoids

    Carotenoids are potent antioxidants and they improve eye health and prevent cardiovascular diseases. They are also good for preventing cancer. Vitamin A is also a carotenoid. However, high consumption of Vitamin A is associated with various health risks. On the other hand, other carotenoids, like those found in Marine Phytoplankton, do not cause harm even at higher doses and so provide more incredible health benefits. They also have anti-aging properties and may prevent age-related macular degeneration and other disorders.7

  • Source of Essential Amino Acids

    Researchers are exploring various ways of creating protein concentrates from Marine Phytoplankton. This is because Marine Phytoplankton appear to have an excellent amino acid profile with a good amount of essential amino acids. Moreover, Marine Phytoplankton are relatively easy to mass produce. Therefore, Marine Phytoplankton biomass may be used to produce protein supplements, especially for vegans.8

Side Effects of Marine Phytoplankton

Marine Phytoplankton would not cause any side effects. However, they may cause allergic reactions in those intolerant to chlorophyll. Further, it is worth noting that Marine Phytoplankton may accumulate certain toxins, micro-plastics, heavy metals, as some parts of oceans are highly polluted. 

Properties

  • Anti-Aging5
  • Antioxidant5
  • Brain Function / Neuroprotective4,8
  • Cancer Prevention5
  • Cardiovascular Support4
  • Enhances Endurance4,6
  • Enhances Strength6,8
  • Eye Health7
  • Heart Support / Health4
  • High/Good Levels of Omega-3 Fatty Acids4
  • Physical Endurance6,8

References:

  1. US Department of Commerce NO and AA. What are phytoplankton? Accessed September 29, 2021.
  2. Sommer U, Charalampous E, Genitsaris S, Moustaka-Gouni M. Benefits, costs and taxonomic distribution of marine phytoplankton body size. J Plankton Res. 2017;39(3):494-508. doi:10.1093/plankt/fbw071
  3. Harrison PJ, Thompson PA, Calderwood GS. Effects of nutrient and light limitation on the biochemical composition of phytoplankton. J Appl Phycol. 1990;2(1):45-56. doi:10.1007/BF02179768
  4. Jónasdóttir SH. Fatty Acid Profiles and Production in Marine Phytoplankton. Mar Drugs. 2019;17(3):151. doi:10.3390/md17030151
  5. Huang JJ-H, Xu W-W, Lin S-L, Cheung PC-K. Phytochemical profiles of marine phytoplanktons: an evaluation of their in vitro antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. Food Funct. 2016;7(12):5002-5017. doi:10.1039/C6FO01033D
  6. Sharp M, Sahin K, Stefan M, et al. Phytoplankton Supplementation Lowers Muscle Damage and Sustains Performance across Repeated Exercise Bouts in Humans and Improves Antioxidant Capacity in a Mechanistic Animal. Nutrients. 2020;12(7):1990. doi:10.3390/nu12071990
  7. Huang JJ, Lin S, Xu W, Cheung PCK. Occurrence and biosynthesis of carotenoids in phytoplankton. Biotechnol Adv. 2017;35(5):597-618. doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.05.001
  8. Peltomaa ET, Aalto SL, Vuorio KM, Taipale SJ. The Importance of Phytoplankton Biomolecule Availability for Secondary Production. Front Ecol Evol. 2017;5:128. doi:10.3389/fevo.2017.00128